The Influence of Digital Leadership and Digital Culture on Organizational Performance thru Techno-Work Engagement at the Immigration Office Class I Special Check Point Semarang

Authors

  • Marisa Efrilia University of 17 August 1945 Semarang
  • Viviorini University of 17 August 1945 Semarang
  • Gita Sugiyarti University of 17 August 1945 Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56444/icbe-untagsmg.v4i1.3518

Keywords:

Digital Leadership, Digital Culture, Technowork Engagement, Organizational Performance, Digital Transformation, Public Organizations, Immigration Office

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of Digital Leadership and Digital Culture on Organizational Performance thru the mediation of Technowork Engagement at the Immigration Office Class I Special TPI Semarang. Digital transformation in public organizations requires a comprehensive understanding of leadership mechanisms, culture, and technology engagement in improving service performance. The research method uses a quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data was collected through a survey of 65 Immigration Office employees using a structured questionnaire. The research instrument has met the standards of validity and reliability. The analysis results show that Digital Leadership significantly influences Organizational Performance and Technowork Engagement. Digital Culture significantly influences Technowork Engagement but does not directly affect Organizational Performance. Technowork Engagement was proven to have a significant impact on Organizational Performance. The findings indicate that digital leadership is a crucial factor in the digital transformation of public organizations, while digital culture requires mediation through technological engagement to impact performance. The practical implications emphasize the importance of developing digital leadership capacity and strategies to enhance technowork engagement in optimizing the performance of immigration services.

References

[1] United Nations, "E-Government Survey 2024: Digital Government for Sustainable Development," United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, NY, USA, 2024.

[2] Republik Indonesia, "Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik," Jakarta, Indonesia, 2018.

[3] Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, "Laporan Kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi Tahun 2023," Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2023.

[4] S. Qiao, X. Zhang, H. Li, and Y. Wang, "Digital leadership and employee performance: The mediating role of digital transformation process," Journal of Business Research, vol. 175, pp. 114-128, 2024.

[5] G. C. Kane, A. N. Phillips, J. R. Copulsky, and G. R. Andrus, "The technology fallacy: How people are the real key to digital transformation," Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019.

[6] V. Bindela, R. Kumar, and S. Sharma, "Techno-work engagement: Conceptualization, measurement, and impact on organizational outcomes," International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 445-472, 2025.

[7] A. Senadjki, Y. Chen, and M. Rahman, "Digital leadership, organizational culture, and firm performance: The mediating role of digital transformation," Technology in Society, vol. 76, pp. 102-118, 2024.

[8] E. Sheninger, "Digital leadership: Changing paradigms for changing times," Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2014.

[9] G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, "Leading digital: Turning technology into business transformation," Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2014.

[10] T. Hess, C. Matt, A. Benlian, and F. Wiesböck, "Options for formulating a digital transformation strategy," MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 123-139, 2016.

[11] E. Hartl and T. Hess, "The role of cultural values for digital transformation: Insights from a Delphi study," in Proc. 23rd Americas Conf. Information Systems, Boston, MA, USA, 2017, pp. 1-10.

[12] R. S. Kaplan and D. P. Norton, "The balanced scorecard: Measures that drive performance," Harvard Business Review, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 71-79, Jan.-Feb. 1992.

[13] R. L. Daft, Organization theory and design, 12th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2015.

[14] P. J. Richard, T. M. Devinney, G. S. Yip, and G. Johnson, "Measuring organizational performance: Towards methodological best practice," Journal of Management, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 718-804, Jun. 2009.

[15] M. Tarafdar, E. B. Pullins, and T. S. Ragu-Nathan, "Technostress: Negative effect on performance and possible mitigations," Information Systems Journal, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 103-132, Mar. 2015.

[16] M. Molino, V. Ingusci, F. Signore, A. Manuti, M. L. Giancaspro, V. Russo, M. Zito, and C. G. Cortese, "Wellbeing costs of technology use during Covid-19 remote working: An investigation using the Italian translation of the technostress creators scale," Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 15, pp. 5911, Jul. 2020.

[17] J. A. Ghani, M. A. Memon, and H. Ting, "Techno-work engagement and employee performance: The role of psychological empowerment," Journal of Systems and Information Technology, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 178-195, 2022.

[18] M. Tarafdar, C. M. Beath, and J. W. Ross, "Using AI to enhance business operations," MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 37-44, Summer 2019.

[19] L. Cortellazzo, E. Bruni, and R. Zampieri, "The role of leadership in a digitalized world: A review," Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 10, pp. 1938, Aug. 2019.

[20] Suyanto, W. Wibowo, and T. Handoko, "Digital leadership, digital culture, and employee engagement in public sector organizations," International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 45-62, 2023.

[21] S. Kraus, P. Jones, N. Kailer, A. Weinmann, N. Chaparro-Banegas, and N. Roig-Tierno, "Digital transformation: An overview of the current state of the art of research," SAGE Open, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1-15, Jul.-Sep. 2021.

[22] P. C. Verhoef, T. Broekhuizen, Y. Bart, A. Bhattacharya, J. Q. Dong, N. Fabian, and M. Haenlein, "Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, vol. 122, pp. 889-901, Jan. 2021.

[23] R. Susanti, A. Prasetyo, and D. Wahyuni, "The impact of digital culture on organizational performance: Evidence from Indonesian public organizations," Journal of Digital Governance, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 78-95, 2023.

[24] S. Nambisan, M. Wright, and M. Feldman, "The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes," Research Policy, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 103773, Oct. 2019.

[25] G. Westerman, D. Bonnet, and A. McAfee, "Leading digital: Turning technology into business transformation," Harvard Business Review Press, 2021.

[26] A. A. Shaikh and H. Karjaluoto, "Mobile banking adoption: A literature review," Telematics and Informatics, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 129-142, Feb. 2015.

[27] S. Müller and K. I. Voigt, "Sustainable industrial value creation in SMEs: A comparison between industry 4.0 and made in China 2025," International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 659-670, Dec. 2018.

[28] A. B. Bakker and E. Demerouti, "Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward," Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 273-285, Jul. 2017.

[29] J. F. Hair, G. T. M. Hult, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2017.

[30] C. Fornell and D. F. Larcker, "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error," Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 39-50, Feb. 1981.

[31] W. W. Chin, "The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling," in Modern Methods for Business Research, G. A. Marcoulides, Ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998, pp. 295-336.

[32] J. Hulland, "Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies," Strategic Management Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 195-204, Feb. 1999.

[33] J. Henseler, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, "A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 115-135, Jan. 2015.

[34] C. Heavin and D. J. Power, "Challenges for digital transformation–towards a conceptual decision support guide for managers," Journal of Decision Systems, vol. 27, no. sup1, pp. 38-45, 2018.

[35] J. C. Nunnally and I. H. Bernstein, Psychometric theory, 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

[36] W. B. Schaufeli and A. B. Bakker, "Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study," Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 293-315, May 2004.

[37] G. A. Boyne, "Sources of public service improvement: A critical review and research agenda," Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 367-394, Jul. 2003.

[38] A. H. Gold, A. Malhotra, and A. H. Segars, "Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective," Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 185-214, Summer 2001.

[39] S. J. Berman and R. Marshall, "The next digital transformation: From an individual-centered to an everyone-to-everyone economy," Strategy & Leadership, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 9-17, 2014.

[40] E. H. Schein, Organizational culture and leadership, 4th ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2010.

[41] A. Bandura, Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986.

[42] J. Vial, "Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda," The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 118-144, Jun. 2019.

[43] T. Schwarzmüller, N. Brosi, D. Duman, and P. Welpe, "How does the digital transformation affect organizations? Key themes of change in work design and leadership," Management Revue, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 114-138, 2018.

[44] B. J. Avolio, F. J. Yammarino, and B. M. Bass, "Identifying common methods variance with data collected from a single source: An unresolved sticky issue," Journal of Management, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 571-587, Sep. 1991.

[45] W. B. Schaufeli, "Applying the job demands-resources model: A 'how to' guide to measuring and tackling work engagement and burnout," Organizational Dynamics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 120-132, Apr.-Jun. 2017.

[46] W. Li, R. P. Bhagat, L. J. Bagger, and Q. Wang, "The role of transformational leadership in promoting organizational innovation: A meta-analysis," Leadership & Organization Development Journal, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1044-1065, 2016.

[47] S. Aral, E. Brynjolfsson, and L. Wu, "Three-way complementarities: Performance pay, human resource analytics, and information technology," Management Science, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 913-931, May 2012.

[48] A. B. Bakker and E. Demerouti, "The job demands-resources model: State of the art," Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 309-328, 2007.

[49] P. M. Podsakoff, S. B. MacKenzie, J. Y. Lee, and N. P. Podsakoff, "Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies," Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 879-903, Oct. 2003.

[50] J. Cohen, Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.

[51] R. E. Ployhart and R. J. Vandenberg, "Longitudinal research: The theory, design, and analysis of change," Journal of Management, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 94-120, Jan. 2010.

Downloads

Published

2026-02-27

How to Cite

The Influence of Digital Leadership and Digital Culture on Organizational Performance thru Techno-Work Engagement at the Immigration Office Class I Special Check Point Semarang. (2026). Proceeding of The International Conference on Business and Economics, 4(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.56444/icbe-untagsmg.v4i1.3518

Similar Articles

1-10 of 89

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.